Application of RNA Sequencing Technology in Cancer Research
Cancer has always been a major malignant disease that has endangered human life. It comprises complex biological systems requiring accurate and comprehensive analysis of cancer. As a result, cell-free RNA isolation has grown in demand.
Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) occurs in cell-free fluids, naturally creating an opportunity to detect tumors in patients who have lower tumor shedding rates. cfRNA is involved in cell communications and linked to physical and pathological conditions. As a result, cfRNA has been proposed as a potential biomarker for cancer-related mutations, prenatal screening, and metabolic disorders.
Alongside, single-cell RNA sequencing is an indispensable tool that has emerged to dissect cellular heterogeneity and decompose tissues into cell types and cell states.
Introduction to RNA Sequencing
RNA sequencing technology is a key aspect of cancer research and therapy, just like multiple other evolved technologies, including biomarkers, drug resistance, cancer immune microenvironment and immunotherapy, cancer neoantigens, and so on, used in the discovery and characterization of cancer heterogeneity and evolution.
RNA sequencing provides biological test results on a single tumor cell, analyzes the determinants of intratumor expression heterogeneity and identifies the molecular basis of the formation of many oncological diseases.
With the advancement of RNA sequencing technology, the global cell-free RNA isolation and extraction market has seen a major development in the healthcare sector, such as business expansion, partnership, collaboration, and joint venture.
According to a report by BIS Research, the global cell-free RNA isolation and extraction kits market is projected to reach $140.7 million by 2032 from $30.2 million in 2021, growing at a CAGR of 14.98% during the forecast period 2022–2032.
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The cell-free RNA isolation and extraction kits market is expected to grow with an increasing number of kits and a rising number of open-source free sequencing platform providers offering cell-free RNA analysis.
Development of RNA Sequencing Technology
The continuous development of RNA sequencing has brought a new era with higher efficiency and lower cost in the transcriptome analysis of cancer cells.
The first-generation sequencing technology known as sanger sequencing is a chain termination method that was initiated by Sanger in 1977.
The accuracy and reproducibility of RNA sequencing technology among different platforms depended on factors such as inherent features of the platform and the corresponding analysis pipelines.
The precision medicine industry approaches cell-free RNA as it ensures the safety and effective application of targeted therapeutics. Several biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies are working in the field of oncology, prenatal screening, and metabolic disorders to adopt cell-free RNA isolation and extraction collaboratively.
Since it is a well-developed market with an integral part of medical decision-making -it aids in acquiring information for a wide range of treatment dissemination, accentuating its criticality in healthcare. Increasing investments in cell-free RNA isolation and extraction is one of the major opportunities in the global cell-free RNA isolation and extraction kits market.
Applications of RNA Sequencing in Cancer Research
RNA sequencing has gained popularity due to high-throughput sequencing technology, which has become widely available. RNA sequencing has made great contributions in various fields as an important part of next-generation sequencing, which includes cancer research, studies on differential gene expression analysis and cancer biomarkers, cancer drug resistance, cancer heterogeneity and evolution, neoantigens, cancer microenvironment, immunotherapy, etc.
RNA-sequencing could detect early mutations as well as high molecular risk mutations, thus can discover novel cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, monitoring diseases, and guiding targeted therapy during early treatment decisions.
The emerging technology of RNA sequencing contributes to research on cancer heterogeneity and evolution. It detects all RNA transcripts ignoring differences in individual cells in each tissue or cell group. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) can solve medical issues that single-cell RNA sequencing cannot be applied to frozen specimens and cannot obtain all cell types in a given tissue.
Technological advancements in the healthcare industry and the field of life sciences, along with a better understanding of cellular functions and metabolism, have led to the development of an immunotherapy approach for cancer.
The molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance are carried by RNA sequencing, which has become a vital tool for revealing the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. RNA-sequencing provides an explanation for chemotherapy resistance and disease recurrence analysis showing a unique lncRNA signature with functional relevance and therapeutic potential.
Key Trends in Global Cell-free RNA Isolation and Extraction
Cell-free RNA isolation and extraction products have witnessed significant growth due to several launches. The key trends in the global cell-free RNA isolation and extraction kits market include the system employing magnetic bead coating particles to purify cell-free RNA/DNA from body fluids.
With the launch of a new product, the range of cell-free nucleic acid purification kits has expanded vastly.
In February 2022, Zinexts Life Science Corp. and JBS Science, Inc. entered into a technology commercialization cooperation agreement to allow Zinexts to manufacture and sell JBS nucleic separation kits, including cfDNA and RNA isolation kits.
This license agreement will make it easier to access JBS NA Zinexts’s JBS NA isolation equipment as well as their isolation automation systems.
In February 2019, Norgen Biotek Corp. introduced cell-free DNA and cell-free RNA preservative tubes for long-term storage of blood. These are more suitable blood collection tubes (BCTs) as compared to other competitors’ BCTs in the cell-free RNA market.
Conclusion
Emerging sequencing technologies. ScRNA-seq is a powerful technology comprised to alleviate the difficulties of current RNA-seq methods and equip scientists with better tools. Alongside, it facilitates further exploration in cancer research and detection of cancer stem cell subpopulation, metabolic switch in cancer-draining lymph nodes, and therapy-induced adaption of cancer cells.
Along with cell-free RNA technology, the healthcare sector has developed multiple other advancements in the analysis and treatment of cancer cells.
The increase in research activities and funding, the utilization of cell-free RNA for early detection of a disease condition, and deciphering insights to provide personalized treatment to patients would enable the market to propel during the forecast period 2022–2032.
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